portal-2-1204680-1024x680What happens when an accident happens at the workplace? Well, you would immediately head to the doctor. You would rely on your medical records to show the truth when you talk to your insurance company. However, what happens when the medical administration doesn’t agree that your medical records are demonstrative of the truth? Strengthening your case against corporations that attempt to veil the importance of your medical records requires the very best attorneys possible.

Plaintiff James Arness Thomas was a forklift operator for Marsala Beverage Company. In November 2010, Mr. Thomas fell off of his forklift when a truck driver pulled forward unexpectedly. The defendant, Marsala Beverage Company, never disputed that the accident occurred in the course of the plaintiff’s employment and that he was injured.

At the time of his injury, the plaintiff suffered damage to his neck, back, arms, and wrists. Mr. Thomas returned to work temporarily, and then stopped working. The Marsala Beverage admitted that he was temporarily disabled, and paid Mr. Thomas compensation and medical benefits. In the meantime, Mr. Thomas consulted a long line of specialists, including orthopedists and neurosurgeons.

grocery-store-1-1161348-1-1024x681When a merchant sets up shop, he/she may become liable for any accident that occurs on the business’s premises. However, the merchant is not automatically at fault. Sometimes a person is injured and the merchant is not to blame, either because the plaintiff was careless or failed to satisfy his burden of proof. The law in Louisiana that governs a merchant’s liability for negligence also governs the plaintiff’s burden of proof when bringing a claim against a merchant. This law also provides a list of elements, which the plaintiff must prove in order to succeed in their claim. See La. R.S. 9:2800.6.

The first part of the law sets forth a merchant’s duties such as keeping their aisles, passageways, and floors free from hazardous conditions. The second part, which deals with an injured plaintiff bringing a negligence claim against a merchant, provides a test. Although this part is directed towards a claimant, it also puts merchants on notice as to their duties towards customers. In order for the plaintiff to prevail, the plaintiff must meet all elements of the test. A person who was lawfully on the merchant’s premises and sustained damages, injuries, or death must prove: (1) the condition which caused the plaintiff’s misfortune presented an unreasonable risk of harm and the risk must have been reasonably unforeseeable; (2) the merchant either created the condition or knew of the condition prior to the plaintiff’s injury; and (3) the merchant failed to exercise reasonable care. The absence of a merchant’s “clean up policy,” written or verbal, will not be enough for the plaintiff to prove a failure of reasonable care on the part of the merchant.

In this case, a store patron appealed the District Court’s judgment that allowed a grocery store to escape liability after the patron fell and injured himself in the store’s parking lot due to uneven pavement. The Plaintiff, Mr. Jerome Waddles, and a friend, Mr. Donald Robinson, arrived at Brookshire’s Grocery Store in Bossier City, LA. As the two walked towards the store, Waddles tripped on the uneven pavement and fell relatively hard. At trial, Mr. Waddles and Mr. Robinson described the area as a “crack and a hole.” Despite the damaged pavement being located in a heavily-trafficked area, the was no history of any prior incident.

no-parking-1445079-768x1024Have you ever wondered what happens when someone wrongfully takes or destroys your personal property? Conversion occurs when one sells or disposes of property belonging to another without permission. The case discussed in this post describes the conversion of a vehicle that was towed and sold to a third party after the title was wrongfully obtained in violation of the Louisiana Towing and Storage Act (“LTSA”).

After Kimberly Wilson’s car broke down at the West Monroe AutoZone on February 11, 2013, she left the car in the parking lot. On May 14, 2013, AutoZone’s manager received instructions from the West Monroe Police on how to remove the car. Wilson noticed her car was no longer parked at AutoZone and was informed that T & T Auto Repair and Towing, LLC (“T & T”) had towed the car.

On May 16, 2013, T & T sent Wilson a “Right to Hearing” notice for the balance of $204.12 by regular mail. Wilson did not receive the notice. On July 1, 2013, T & T sent Wilson a “Final Notice” for the balance of $1,060.02. Wilson did not receive Final Notice either. On October 16, 2013, paperwork was prepared for a “Permit to Sell” so the title of Wilson’s car could be transferred to T & T and sold for nonpayment. On January 24, 2014, Wilson’s attorney was notified that title had been transferred. T & T then sold the car, but could not provide a copy of the Bill of Sale.

shopping-cart-1550709-1024x768When you suffer a personal injury such as a slip and fall and pursue a remedy in court, you must be able to support your allegations with sufficient evidence. After conducting initial discovery, a party may move for summary judgment and seek to have the case dismissed before it is ever heard by a trier of fact. When a party moves for summary judgment, it argues that the initial discovery shows that there are no issues of material fact to be decided by the trier of fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The opposing party, the party seeking to avoid having their case dismissed, must then present evidence to show that there are issues of material fact that should be heard at trial. In a recent case from the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal, a plaintiff conveniently “corrected” her deposition testimony attempting to defeat a motion for summary judgment. While the suspect changes were ultimately admitted, this was not sufficient to allow the case to go forward at trial.

In this case, Ginger Crawford slipped and fell on a wet floor in the dairy section of a grocery store owned by Brookshire Grocery Company in Springhill, Webster Parish, Louisiana. In response to a request by Brookshire, Ms. Crawford gave a deposition in which she swore to the court her version of the incident that happened in Brookshire’s Grocery. The deposition was certified by the court reporter. Brookshire then filed a motion for summary judgment, relying heavily on Ms. Crawford’s deposition. Brookshire’s motion argued that the case should be dismissed before trial because based on the initial discovery, it was evident that Ms. Crawford could satisfy her evidentiary burden under Louisiana’s Merchant Liability Statute. More specifically, Brookshire asserted that Ms. Crawford could not satisfy the “temporal” element of her claim.

In order to succeed in a slip and fall claim, a plaintiff must satisfy each and every element of Louisiana’s Merchant Liability Statute. See L.A. R.S. 9:2800.6.  First, the condition that caused the fall must have presented an unreasonable risk of harm to the plaintiff and that risk of harm must have been reasonably foreseeable. Second, the merchant must have either created or had actual or constructive notice of the condition which caused the damage, prior to the occurrence. Third, the merchant must have failed to exercise reasonable care. In determining whether the merchant exercised reasonable care, the absence of a written or verbal uniform cleanup or safety procedure is insufficient to prove failure to exercise reasonable care.

a-guys-dream-1546422-1024x768When multiple auto insurance policies are involved after an auto accident it may be difficult to tell which one is controlling. When a mother’s car broke down she borrowed a car from a friend to take her children to daycare. While on the way to drop her kids off she accidentally rear-ended the car of another driver on Highway 139 in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana. When the time came to determine whose car insurance was controlling a lawsuit was filed to resolve this question.

When Shannon Boyd’s Ford Taurus wouldn’t start, she borrowed Vicki Ellis’ Chrysler 300 to take her children to daycare and go to work. While one the way to daycare Boyd rear-ended Hugh and Janie Green’s Dodge Ram. While Boyd and her Taurus were insured by Safeway, Ellis and her Chrysler were insured by State Farm. After the accident State Farm paid $4,041.77 in property damages to the Greens and subsequently filed suit against Safeway for reimbursement.

The issue at trial was which insurance policy is primary. Both Safeway and State Farm filed motions for summary judgment alleging that the other was the primary policy. The Trial Court found that Safeway’s policy defined a “temporary substitute automobile” in a way that conflicted with the policy goals of La. R.S. 22:1296 which mandates that automobile insurance policies must extend to temporary substitute and rental vehicles. With this statutory context in mind, the Trial Court determined that Ellis’ Chrysler met the conditions of a “temporary substitute vehicle.” The Trial Court thus concluded that Safeway was the primary policy. Safeway appealed.

shopping-center-1507250-1024x768Even if a property is zoned for commercial purposes, a city may discretionarily deny a business from buying and developing that property if the city determines it is against the public interest. The city of Shreveport, Louisiana was challenged when they denied a Dollar General’s site plan to develop a commercially zoned, “use by right” 1.13-acre lot. While Dollar General’s developer, GBT Realty Corporation, petitioned the trial and appellate courts for damages resulting from loss of a business opportunity, the courts ruled that the city was immune from tort liability when a city exercises its discretion in the use of its commercially zoned properties.

In May 2012, GBT appeared before the Shreveport Metropolitan Planning Commission (MPC) at a public hearing to develop a Dollar General store. The MPC expressed concerns relating to the proximity of a Family Dollar store across the street from the proposed Dollar General site as well as concerns about the appearance and landscaping of the proposed Dollar General store. A month later, GBT presented an updated plan with changes made to the store’s landscaping and facade at an MPC public hearing. Nonetheless, amid concerns by the public as well as the MPC, the board unanimously vetoed Dollar General’s plan citing that the plan did not comply with proposed zoning changes for the city’s “2020 Master Plan” and that the site in question was too small to accommodate Dollar General’s store plan. In response, GBT filed an action before the First Judicial District Court to approve the first site plan. The District Court approved the plan and reversed the MPC’S decision. In April 2013, GBT filed a lawsuit against the MPC and city of Shreveport alleging a tort claim for loss of business opportunity due to the delay in approval has caused the plan to fall apart.

The trial court concluded that the city was protected from liability from exercising its discretion in disapproving the site plan. Louisiana statute protects public bodies, including cities and its officers, when they perform discretionary acts that are within the scope of their governmental responsibilities.  La. R.S. 9:2798.1. The trial court recognized that the city exercised its discretion in denying the Dollar General site plan based on issues of impact to the nearby property, traffic, and other public safety concerns. The trial court also concluded that the plan fell apart because of disagreements between GBT and Dollar General rather than falling apart due to the delay caused by the MPC denial and the district court’s approval. Accordingly, the trial court ruled in favor of the city of Shreveport.

road-on-rear-view-mirror-1362231-1024x768When a driver is rear-ended, there is generally a presumption the rear driver is negligent. This is based on the principle that the following driver must maintain a prudent distance from the vehicle in front of them and concentrate on their speed as well as the traffic and general condition of the roadway. La. R.S. 32:81(A).This presumption of negligence when a driver rear-ends another can be overcome by showing that the driver in front was driving unpredictably and caused a sudden emergency which could not be anticipated by the rear driver. Cheairs v. State ex rel. Dept. of Transp. & Dev., 861 So.2d 536 (La. 2003).

In a recent case, the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeals considered when the presumption could be overcome. This case involved a three-car accident in West Monroe, Louisiana. The accident occurred when Norma C. Alvarez merged onto the Interstate 20 after exiting the on-ramp. According to Officer Jacob May, who witnessed the accident, Alvarez wasn’t traveling as quickly as the other vehicles on the interstate and appeared “almost stopped” in the lane. Alvarez was rear-ended by a driver in the left lane of the interstate, Hazel Lee, and then Barbara Jewitt, the plaintiff, rear-ended Lee. Officer May believed that Alvarez’s slow speed caused the accident. Alvarez did not have a driver’s license and had been driving without a license for 15 years. At trial, Jewitt testified that at the time of the accident she was checking her mirrors as she was about to change lanes and when she looked ahead the car in front of her had stopped and she only had a few seconds to stop. Jewitt stated that it was impossible to avoid hitting the car in front of her.

The Trial Court found that Alvarez was 100% at fault for the damage to Jewitt’s car and Jewitt’s injuries, finding that there was nothing the plaintiff could do to avoid the accident. Alvarez appealed the finding and argued on appeal that the presumption of negligence against rear-ending drivers applies and that the accident only occurred because Lee and Jewitt were either not paying attention or were speeding.

industry-up-sign-1533438-768x1024Generally, a driver who is insured for a vehicle they own will remain insured if they use a vehicle they don’t normally use. To limit this, insurance policies commonly contain a regular use exclusion, which will exclude an insurance company from liability when the insured driver uses another vehicle they don’t own, but use regularly. In a recent case, the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal had to determine whether the exclusion in the defendant’s insurance policy applied to a truck the defendant drove as part of his work.

In this case, Star Youngblood was in a two-car crash with Natasha Jones, the plaintiff, in Mansfield, Louisiana. Youngblood worked for Mansfield Drug Company, Inc. (“MDCI”). At the time of the accident, Youngblood was driving a 2007 Chevrolet pickup owned by MDCI, in the course of his work. Jones filed a lawsuit against Youngblood, MDCI, MDCI’s auto liability insurer, Republic Fire and Mr. Youngblood’s personal auto insurer Farm Bureau.

Youngblood had his personal vehicle, a 2002 Ford pickup, insured with Farm Bureau for $25,000 per person. Youngblood’s policy with Farm Bureau contained a clause which stated that non-owned vehicles which are “furnished for regular use” to the insured are excluded from coverage. Prior to the trial on September 16, 2013, Jones settled with all defendants except Farm Bureau. The Trial Court found that because Youngblood needed specific permission each time he used MDCI’s pickup truck, the regular use exclusion in Youngblood’s policy with Farm Bureau did not operate. As such, Farm Bureau provided coverage for this accident and the court awarded Jones $25,000 which was the policy limit.

torn-ligament-and-fractured-bone-bandages-1631721-1024x727Workers’ compensation is a form of insurance run by the state government which pays wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured on the job.  Temporary Total Disability Benefits or “TTD” require the employer or its workers’ compensation carrier to pay indemnity benefits roughly equal to two-thirds of the employee’s average weekly wages. But in order to benefit from TTD or other types of disability benefits, the employee must prove an inability to work and that the accident at issue arose out and in the course of his or her employment. A recent case out of the Louisiana Second Court of Appeal illustrates these requirements.

Ms. Maxwell was working as a caregiver for Care Solutions when she was attacked and severely beaten at Glenwood Regional Hospital in West Monroe.  Ms. Maxwell was attending to a client at his home. On Care Solutions’ instructions, she took him to the hospital when he complained of chest pain and breathing problems. She was assaulted by an unknown assailant in the parking lot and sustained severe injuries to her face.

Ms. Maxwell was not able to work since January 22, 2014.  She filed a disputed claim for workers’ compensation the following February because Care Solutions refused to provide her with workers’ compensation benefits.  Care Solutions admitted that she had been injured while employed with them but disputed that the injury arose out of and in course of her employment.

pharmacy-1-1509263-1024x485Companies that do business in multiple states must consider that individual states have their own laws, which must be followed if a company plans to do business in that state. It can never hurt to do your due diligence before you begin operations and a good attorney can be a vital resource. Recently, a Louisiana appellate court overturned the decision of a Worker’s Compensation Judge (WCJ) who ordered an out-of-state pharmacy to receive over $7,000 in reimbursement for providing prescription drugs to a worker’s compensation claimant over a seven-month period in 2010.

The Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal held that Injured Workers Pharmacy (“IWP) was not entitled to reimbursement for fulfilled prescriptions for Oxycodone, Tizanidine, and other medications. Louisiana state law only allows an employee to seek out of state treatment and services when they are unavailable in Louisiana or are provided at similar prices to those found locally.

The case’s origins lie in a slip and fall accident at a Sonic hamburger restaurant. Clenon Naron was performing job duties in the restaurant’s freezer when he injured his back in July 1999. Naron was issued a prescription card for medications relating to the workplace injury. The claim was eventually assigned to the Louisiana Insurance Guarantor’s Association (LIGA). Naron used the prescription card to refill his prescribed medications without incident until February of the following year.

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