wheelchair-1575593-1-1024x768The devil is in the details is a well-known idiom that holds true in this case. It was only upon a close examination of the factual details set out in the trial record that the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal ruled in the plaintiff’s favor. In the case, the Fourth Circuit discusses the two-step process used to determine if the lower court correctly calculated its award of special damages.

Mr. Rosonette was injured while sitting in his wheelchair on a bus driven by Ms. Edith Cantrell, who failed to “use restraints” to secure the chair. The Rosonettes filed a lawsuit against her and St. Bernard to recover damages. The District Court granted $10,155.76 for special and general damages to Mr. Rosonette and denied Mrs. Ronsonette’s loss of consortium claim. They filed an appeal. Regarding damages, the Ronsonettes’ main argument was that in not granting the $26,077.03 cost of medical expenses the court abused its discretion (i.e. failed to properly apply the law or based its decision on an incorrect substantial fact). They argued there was no evidence in the court record to support the ruling. They also claimed St. Bernard failed to provide evidence proving the injuries suffered were not a result of the accident.

The District Court reasoned that Mr. Rosonette was not credible in communicating the extent of his injuries. In reviewing the case, the Court of Appeal did not determine the argument on credibility to be important because the District Court had already conceded that Mr. Rosonette sustained minimal injury as a result of the accident and did not challenge his trial testimony.

louisiana-state-capitol-1228662-1-1024x768Louisiana law holds responsible those who cause injury to others by failing to repair unreasonably dangerous conditions in their custody or control. This type of liability is called “custodial liability.” For example, a university that fails to maintain its walkways so as to cause injury to pedestrians can be held liable for damages by injured persons.  However, the university in this example would not be liable for conditions which are considered “open and obvious.” In a recent case, the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeal helped illustrate what is meant by “open and obvious.”

In 2011, Reina Abolofia was riding her bike at night on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge when she hit an unmarked and unpainted concrete-filled metal pole that had been installed in the middle of the sidewalk.  She suffered injuries as a result and filed a lawsuit against LSU alleging seeking to hold LSU responsible for her damages under La. C.C. art. 2317 and La. C.C. art. 2317.1 with respect to defects of things that cause damage.

During discovery, Ms. Abolofia learned that the portion of sidewalk where her accident occurred was partly owned by LSU and partly owned by Southgate Towers, LLC.  She added Southgate Towers as a defendant because it was unclear if Southgate had erected the metal pole or LSU had done so and on whose property the pole was situated.  

shopping-1241024-1024x637A jury’s verdicts can an often depend upon which party it believes the most. In a jury trial, the jury is indeed the trier of fact. It hears the evidence and makes findings of fact based on the credibility of witnesses and other evidence presented at trial. In a case out of Gonzales, Louisiana the verdict hinged on whether the Plaintiff, Mindy Weiley, appeared credible to the jury or whether she seemed to be a liar.

Ms. Weiley filed a lawsuit against Wal-Mart after slipping and falling in a puddle of water at one of their stores.  Ms. Weiley contended that she suffered multiple injuries to her back, neck, and left knee.  At trial, the jury found that Wal-Mart was negligent by failing to keep its premises clear of debris, to clean up that debris, and to monitor the area covered by debris. However, the jury found that Wal-Mart’s negligence did not cause Ms. Weily’s injury. It did not believe her testimony that she suffered injury at the hands of Wal-Mart and dismissed the case in Wal-Mart’s favor. Weily appealed, arguing that the jury’s verdict was manifestly erroneous and that its finding of liability was totally inconsistent with its denial of damages.

When a Court of Appeal in Louisiana reviews a decision of the Trial Court, it is not permitted to determine whether the jury was, in fact, right or wrong in reaching its determination. Stobart v. State through Dept. of Transp. and Development, 617 So.2d 880 (La. 1993). Rather, the Court only determines whether the jury’s decision was reasonably based upon everything the jury heard at trial. The jury’s determinations regarding the credibility, or trustworthiness, of witnesses and their testimony is given much deference. Rarely will these findings be disturbed on appeal.  

whistle-1423801-1024x768The State of Louisiana has laws in place to protect whistleblowers with legitimate claims. These laws are critical to protecting workers and promoting healthy corporate self-governance. In Louisiana, La. R.S. 23:967 protects an employee whistleblower from retaliatory actions when in good faith, the employee advised the employer of some unlawful practice. It allows the employee to commence a civil action against the employer for the employer’s retaliatory actions. In a recent case, the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal spells out the legal elements required to succeed on a whistleblower claim.

Justin Richardson worked for Axion Logistics, LLC, in Baton Rouge.  Axion promoted Richardson to general manager within two months of hiring him.  Shortly thereafter, Richardson became aware that two Axion employees were fraudulently billing an Axion client.  Richardson reported these acts up the chain of command, including Axion’s president, its CEO and its CFO.

At one point, Axion’s CEO requested that Richardson not to tell anyone about the matter. Axion’s CEO and president allowed the illegal practice when they refused to inform the client.  Subsequently, Richardson expressed to the CFO that Richardson would notify the client if Axion was unwilling to do so.  A few weeks thereafter, Axion management criticized Richardson’s job performance.  The president then terminated Richardson’s employment within a month, on the grounds that Richardson “was not a good fit” for the company.

money-money-money-1240837-1024x768Getting a judgment in your favor can often feel like a big win in court. After a judgment has been declared by the court many people believe the losing side simply gets out their checkbook and pays what they owe. While this may happen in some cases, many times after getting a judgment a person must fight an uphill battle to collect on that judgment. This is exactly what happened when a Louisiana company, Monster Rentals, obtained a default judgment against Coonass Construction of Arcadia (CCA).

In March of 2013 Monster Rentals brought a lawsuit against CCA to collect $4122.28 in unpaid invoices. CCA failed to answer the complaint. In accordance with Louisiana law, a default judgment was entered against the company. Essentially, if after a party being sued fails to answer a lawsuit for a certain period of time it is assumed they agree that they owe the amount in controversy. This is one reason it is so important to seek a good lawyer when you find out there is litigation pending against you. If you simply ignore the problem in hopes it will disappear it often can be a sure way to lose the case and end up owing money. In the default judgment against CCA the Trial Court awarded Monster Rentals both the $4122.28 and reasonable attorney fees.

Monster Rentals then began the difficult task of attempting to collect on the judgment. In order to collect on a judgment when someone is unwilling to pay, the party that is entitled to collect needs to get the court to place a lien or garnishment on some asset owned by the party that owes the money. In order to collect, Monster Rentals tried to place a garnishment on unpaid receivables owned by CCA. In order to do this Monster Rentals approached the court and asked it to set a fixed dollar amount for attorney fees in order to facilitate the collection of the judgment.

lamp-post-1230572-689x1024Language is key when it comes to the law. A court cannot give a plaintiff what he or she asks for if the request is vague. In a similar vein, a judgment’s lack of certain magic words can render it defective. Words have precise meanings in order to be given legal effect. This is illustrated by a recent of the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal. In this case, the Court of Appeal found that a trial court’s judgment lacked the required decretal language required to give the document legal effect.

Baraki Tsegaye was a taxi driver in New Orleans. While waiting for a fare outside of a hotel a pole fell on him and he was injured. Tsegaye sued Royal Engineers & Consultants, LLC, who were responsible for the light pole that struck him. Royal Engineers argued that they had no notice that the light pole was defective and filed a motion for summary judgment for the lawsuit to be dismissed with prejudice. To dismiss a case with prejudice means the case would be permanently ended. The Trial Court granted Royal Engineers’ motion for summary judgment but the judgment did not contain any decretal language, or words giving a legal effect. Tsegaye appeal the judgment.

The Louisiana Constitution grants the Courts of Appeal with appellate jurisdiction as well as supervisory jurisdiction. See La. Const. Art. V, § 10(A). Under La. C.C.P. art. 2082, appellate jurisdiction can be invoked as a matter of right by a litigant. And according to La. C.C.P. art. 2201, the decision to invoke supervisory jurisdiction lies within the discretion of the court. In order for a Court of Appeal to consider a case, there must be a final judgment.

sea-1489887-1024x683The United States judiciary is often called upon to decide upon large-scale international disputes. From the trials of foreign government officials for human rights violations to the trials of multinational corporations for environmental damage the world over, U.S. courts play a critical role in international dispute settlement. In a recent case, a number of the coastline Mexican states filed lawsuits against BP and the other companies involved in the drilling base’s failure in the U.S. District Courts. These lawsuits raised complicated questions of international law, federalism, and nuanced negligence law.  

In April 2010, an explosion on BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil rig – an offshore drilling base 50 miles off the coast of Louisiana – resulted in a massive oil spill.  The oil rig sank, causing a seafloor oil gusher to flow.  Over nearly three months, millions of gallons of oil poured into the Gulf of Mexico while officials attempted to plug the hole.  The oil spill caused environmental damage throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Coastal regions sustained particularly harsh damages, including accelerated shoreline erosion and wildlife deformation, among other ecosystem effects.

Lawsuits from three Mexican states – Veracruz, Tamaulipas, and Quintana Roo – were consolidated in the Eastern District of Louisiana in 2013 as a result of Deepwater Horizon’s multidistrict litigation following the 2010 oil spill.  The Mexican states claimed five companies – BP, Transocean, Halliburton, Anadarko, and Cameron – were liable for negligence and violation of the Oil Pollution Act (“OPA”) as a result of the oil spill. The District Court granted summary judgment in favor of the co-defendants of the original lawsuit.  The Mexican states appealed the District Court’s granting of summary judgment in favor of BP, Transocean, and Halliburton.

ambulance-light-1245195-1024x683Excessive police force has become a nightly topic in the American news cycle. Ranging from discrimination to life-and-death situations, no one wants to be on the receiving end of mistreatment. In a recent case, a Louisiana woman experienced what she felt was excessive force by law enforcement officers in her own home. The Court of Appeal, however, disagreed. In its decision, the Court of Appeal discussed the burden of proof necessary to succeed on civil rights claims against government officers.

On November 16, 2011, the Gretna Police Department Special Response Team (“SRT”) entered Ms. Willie Nell Bullock’s home to execute a drug warrant. Video footage shows that two minutes after entering the home, an officer escorted Ms. Willie Nell Bullock outside and unfolded a chair for her on which she could sit. Ms. Bullock’s health was poor. She recently underwent surgery and suffered from advanced stage cancer, blood pressure, and diabetes. A year after this event, Ms. Bullock’s family filed a Section 1983 civil rights claim against the Gretna Police Department in federal court. The Bullocks’ alleged that Willie’s Fourth Amendment rights were violated by Gretna Police Department’s use of excessive force. The Trial Court granted the Police Department’s motion for summary judgment because of the dubious reliability of the claims asserted by the plaintiff, and the defendant’s qualified immunity. Ms. Bullock’s family appealed.

To prove a violation of a constitutional right by excessive use of force, the plaintiff must provide evidence that her injury resulted from the defendant’s clearly excessive use of force. That use of force in question must be so excessive that it is objectively unreasonable. Ramirez v. Martinez, 716 F.3d 369, 377 (5th Cir. 2013). This type of analysis requires the U.S. Courts of Appeal to look at the totality of the circumstances in determining whether the plaintiff has met her burden of proof.

ambulance-1440939-685x1024Nursing homes have become an integral part of our society due to America’s aging population. Families need nursing homes to help them care for elderly parents and relatives, disabled individuals, and other people requiring increased care. Most nursing homes treat their residents with industry-standard care; but what if you discovered that someone you love had been mistreated, or even abused, by the nursing home you trusted to care for them? This is what happened with the family of Ms. Lessie Porter.

Lessie Porter lived in a nursing home because she had various mental and physical illnesses. She tried to escape the nursing home facilities many times and had to be subdued by medical staff. On the instance which sparked this lawsuit, Ms. Porter tried to escape but only made it to the doorway of her room. She was subsequently injected with a tranquilizer, dragged to her room so that her stomach and elbows were scratched, injected with another tranquilizer, and left on the floor for fifteen minutes in her soiled diaper.

Ms. Porter filed for a medical review panel with the Patient’s Compensation Fund (PCF) but the PCF determined that her allegations were not within the scope of medical malpractice. She then filed a lawsuit alleging Southern Oaks failed to meet her needs, abused her, and was negligent toward her; also, she claimed damages for breach of contract, breach of the Nursing Home Residents’ Bill of Rights, and breach of the standard of care.

us-highway-1-1631163-1024x683In recent years, many have reported on America’s crumbling infrastructure. Reports show roads, bridges, and dams in disrepair, and raise significant questions about whether governments are applying appropriate modern standards when it comes to our infrastructure. In a recent case, the plaintiffs alleged that the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development contributed to the death of a teenager in failing to apply appropriate standards in the Highway 923 overlay project. In this case, the Louisiana Third Circuit Court of Appeal discusses some of the evidentiary issues involved in establishing legal liability.

Two cousins, Weston Brown and Dustin Brown were traveling on Louisiana Highway 923 in Catahoula, Louisiana. Weston was fifteen years old at the time, and Dustin was seventeen. Dustin was driving. He passed a vehicle in the other lane before returning to his lane. He then saw a white car stopped in the middle of the road and tried to pass it in the other lane. Amanda Coleman was driving in the other lane and began to turn left. Dustin reacted and swerved to the left. His wheels hit the asphalt near the road’s shoulder. He tried to correct by swerving right. But he overcorrected. Dustin’s truck fell into a ditch, striking solid concrete. It flipped into the air, sending Weston Brown flying to his death.

All parties agreed that Dustin was driving at an excessive speed, but there was an issue of whether Louisiana’s Department of Transportation and Development (“DOTD”) contributed to the accident by failing to apply appropriate and modern standards in maintaining Highway 923. Built in the 1950s, the highway uses 1948 standards. An overlay project was conducted on the highway in 1988, expanding the travel lanes and decreasing the width of the shoulders. While DODT contended that the 1948 standards were appropriate in conducting the overlay project, and no modern updates were needed, the Plaintiffs argued that the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials requires conformity with modern standards.

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